1. Classified by purpose
*Step up transformer
*Function: Raise the low voltage output of the generator (such as 10kV-35kV) to the transmission voltage (such as 110kV-500kV), reducing long-distance transmission losses.
*Application scenarios: power plant exports, new energy power plant grid connection points.
*Step-down transformer
*Function: Reduce high voltage (such as 220kV) to medium low voltage (such as 10kV/400V) for industrial or residential use.
*Application scenarios: urban substations, factory distribution rooms.
*Contact Transformer
*Function: Connect power grids of different voltage levels (such as 220kV and 110kV) to balance the power load between regions.
*Application scenarios: power grid hub stations, cross regional transmission nodes.
2. Classify by cooling method
*Oil immersed transformer
*Features: Using mineral oil as insulation and cooling medium, with high heat dissipation efficiency and large capacity (up to 500MVA or more).
*Advantages: Low cost, high reliability, suitable for outdoor high-voltage scenarios (such as 500kV substations).
*Disadvantages: Fire and oil leakage prevention are required, and maintenance is complex.
*Dry-type transformer
*Features: Made of epoxy resin or air insulation, oil-free design, fire-resistant and explosion-proof.
*Advantages: Environmentally friendly, maintenance free, suitable for indoor or densely populated places such as shopping malls and subways.
*Disadvantages: Small capacity (usually ≤ 20MVA), high cost.
*Gas Insulated Transformer (GIS Transformer)
*Features: Using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as the insulating medium, the structure is compact.
*Advantages: Small size, pollution resistance, suitable for urban central substations with limited space.
3. Classify by phase number
*Single-phase transformer
*Characteristics: A single unit only processes one phase circuit, usually three units are combined to form a three-phase system.
*Application: Small capacity power supply or high-voltage experimental equipment in remote areas.
*Three phase transformer
*Features: Integrated three-phase winding, compact structure, dominant position.
*Application: The vast majority of power transmission and distribution scenarios.
4. Classified by winding structure
*Double winding transformer
*Function: With only one high-voltage winding and one low-voltage winding, achieve a single voltage conversion.
*Application: Conventional boost or buck scenarios.
*Three winding transformer
*Function: Contains windings of three different voltage levels, capable of connecting multiple power grids simultaneously (such as 220kV/110kV/10kV).
*Application: Grid interconnection hub station.
*Autotransformer
*Features: The high-voltage and low-voltage winding parts are shared, with small size and low loss.
*Application: High voltage and large capacity systems (such as 500kV ultra-high voltage transmission).
5. Classify by voltage regulation method
*Non excited voltage regulating transformer
*Features: Manual adjustment of the tap after power outage, low cost.
*Application: Scenarios that do not require high voltage stability.
*On load voltage regulating transformer
*Features: It can automatically adjust the voltage in a live state, ensuring the stability of the power grid.
*Application: Industrial areas or new energy power stations with frequent load fluctuations.
Substation Transformer Technical Specifications
Substation Transformer Shipment
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Substation Transformer FAQ
Q1： What is a substation transformer?
Substation transformers are the core equipment used in power systems to change voltage levels. They use the principle of electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease the voltage of electrical energy, ensuring that power is transmitted and distributed to reduce losses and adapt to different user needs. It is usually installed in power plants, transmission hubs, distribution networks, and industrial facilities, undertaking important functions such as energy conversion, grid interconnection, and voltage regulation.
Q2： What is the maintenance cycle for substation transformers?
It is recommended to conduct routine inspections every 6 months. Oil immersed transformers need to be tested for insulation oil performance (such as voltage resistance and moisture content), while dry-type transformers need to be cleaned of dust and the cooling system checked.
Q3: How to choose the appropriate transformer capacity for a substation?
Calculate the total power demand based on the peak load and reserve a 20% -30% margin. For example, if the maximum load is 100MVA, it is recommended to choose a capacity of 125MVA or above.
Q4: What are the special requirements for transformers in photovoltaic substations?
It needs to support bidirectional power flow, anti harmonic interference capability, and adapt to frequent voltage fluctuations (if equipped with on load voltage regulation function).
Q5： How to determine whether a substation transformer needs to be scrapped?
*Insulation aging (abnormal winding resistance);
*Multiple short circuit faults leading to internal damage;
*Energy efficiency is lower than industry standards (such as losses exceeding 15% of the initial value).
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Q6: What are the functions of smart substation transformers?
Answer: Supports remote monitoring (such as temperature, vibration, oil chromatography analysis), fault self diagnosis, energy efficiency optimization suggestions, and is compatible with power grid automation systems (such as SCADA).
